German Reich 1871
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German Reich - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
3 The German Reich since 1945. 3.1 End of World War II. 3.2 Divided Germany ... While the German word "Reich" translates to the English word "empire" (it also ...
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Reich - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The German version of the Lord's Prayer uses the words Dein Reich komme for " ... Used adjectivally, reich is the German word for "rich" ...
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Third Reich: Definition from Answers.com
Third Reich n. The German state from 1933 to 1945 under Adolf Hitler. ... The Second Reich was the German Empire of 1871-1918 created by Otto von Bismarck. ...
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eMedals - World Orders for German Reich Army
eMedals.ca source for World Orders and Decorations ... German Reich Army. Collar tab of the 13th Waffen ... German Reich Army. Iron Cross First Class 1939 ...
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Reich: Definition from Answers.com
Reich ( ) n. The territory or government of a German state, as the Holy Roman Empire, or First Reich, from 962 to 1806; the German Empire, or Second
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eMedals - World Orders for German Reich Civil/Political
eMedals.ca source for World Orders and Decorations ... German Reich Civil/Political. SA Defense Badge Type I ... German Reich Civil/Political. Badge of the SA ...
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Reference for Nazi Germany - Search.com
It remained Deutsches Reich (literally translated as German Empire), i.e. the ... Second Reich was the Prussian-ruled monarchy called the German Empire, and the ...
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CATHOLIC LIBRARY: Concordat with the German Reich (1933)
Visit New Advent for the Summa Theologica, Church Fathers, Catholic ... Home > Catholic Library > Church Documents > Concordat with the German Reich (1933) ...
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Deutsches Reich was the name for Germany from 1871 to 1945 in the German language. Its direct literal translation in English language is "German Empire", however this full translation is only used when describing Germany under Hohenzollern rule (until 1918). For the entire 1871-1945 period, the English name given for Germany was the part-translated "German Reich" (IPA: ˈdʒɜːmən raɪx). Following the German Kaiser's abdication of the German Empire after World War I, the word "Empire" was dropped and the official name used in English was the "German Reich". Informally, this nation was also known simply as Germany from 1871 to 1945.

The history of Germany during the time of the German Reich is conventionally broken into three distinct periods:

• the monarchy under House of Hohenzollern rule, known in English as the German Empire (1871 - 1918)
• the democratic republic, known retrospectively as the Weimar Republic (1919 - 1933)
• the totalitarian dictatorship commonly known as the Third Reich or Nazi Germany (1933 - 1945)

Following the Anschluss, Germany informally named itself the Greater German Reich (). This name was made the official state name only during the last two years (1943 - 1945) of Nazi rule.Decree RK 7669 E of the Reichsminister and head of the Reich chancellery, 26 June 1943

The difference between "Reich" and "Empire" While the German word "Reich" translates to the English word "empire" (it also translates to similar words such as "realm" or "domain"), this translation was not performed throughout the full existence of the German Reich. Historically, only 1871-1918 Germany - where Germany was under the rule of an Emperor - is known in English as the "German Empire", while the term "German Reich" describes Germany from 1871 to 1945.See "Germany" entry of the Encyclopaedia Britannica

Under Hohenzollern rule, the German Reich was officially known as the German Empire. - an example of a legal document where Germany is officially referred to as "the German Empire" After the events of World War I, the official English name for Germany was the "German Reich" and this name was used as such on legal documents and English-language international treaties - for example, the Kellogg-Briand Pact and the Geneva Convention. If "Empire" were still a valid word at this point, it would have been used on these documents instead of "Reich".

Apart from official documents, post-WWI Germany was referred to as the "German Reich" - never as the "German Empire" - for example, by British politicians and the word "Reich" was used untranslated by Allied prosecutors throughout the Nuremberg Trials, with "German Empire" only used to signify pre-1918 Germany.

Heads of state {| style="text-align: left;"|- bgcolor=#FFE8E8! colspan ="3" style="text-align: center;"| German Empire (1871-1918)|-| Emperor of Germany| William I, German Emperor| 18 January 1871 - 9 March 1888]| Frederick III, German Emperor| 9 March 1888 - 15 June 1888]| William II, German Emperor| 15 June 1888 – 9 November 1918]| Friedrich Ebert 1919 - [28 February 1925]| Paul von Hindenburg 1925 - [2 August 1934]| Adolf Hitler 1934 – [30 April 1945]| Karl Dönitz – [23 May 1945|}

The German Reich since 1945 End of World War II On 8 May 1945, the commencement of the German Instrument of Surrender of the German armed forces, the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht of the Wehrmacht was handed over to the Allies of World War II. The Allies decided not to recognise Karl Dönitz as President of Germany (Weimar Republic) or to recognise the legitimacy of his Flensburg government (so-called because it was based at Flensburg and controlled only a small area around the town), and on 5 June 1945 the four powers signed the "Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany" in Berlin, creating the Allied Control Council and assumed de jure supreme authority with respect to Germany. Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority by Allied Powers, June 5 1945

Divided Germany In its 1973 review of the Basic Treaty (1972), the German Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) ruled that the West Germany is identical with the German Reich and no legal Succession.BVerfGE 36, 1: Verdict of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) regarding the Basic Treaty (1972) - in German and in English, 31 July 1973 The court also emphasized that the FRG had only partial identity in questions concerning the territory because the German Democratic Republic and Former eastern territories of Germany were outside of FRG-territory.

Reunified Germany When the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany between Germany and the war time Allies was signed on September 12, 1990 there was no mention of the term Deutsches Reich, however the Allies paraphrased the international legal personality of Germany as "Germany as a whole" in the English version of the text. Instead the States of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany, GDR) agreed to be bound by certain conditions which they had to ratify, one of which was the creation of a united Germany which to come into existence had to also agree to certain conditions agreed in the treaty. On meeting these conditions under Article 7.2 "The United Germany accordingly full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs." Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany/Public Affairs/Information Resource Centers Updated: November 2003)

References

German Reich - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Deutsches Reich was the name for Germany from 1871 to 1945 in the German language. Its direct literal translation in English is "German Empire", however this full translation is ...

Nazi Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Party (aka NSDAP or the Nazi ...

Notorious German Third Reich U-boat base Valentin for sale to serious ...
Dank and dark, built by slave labourers, the vast concrete complex known as Valentin on the north German coast is not exactly a des res.

German Society during the Second Reich
The Seeds of Evil: Germany 1919 - 1933. German Society during the Second Reich. German politics had been dominated by the middle classes and the aristocracy in the ...

German Reich 'Fremdenpass' of Grete Glauber - passport - Exploring ...
A 'Fremdenpass' was a passport issued by the German Reich to foreigners or 'aliens', and this one was used by Grete Glauber (later Rudkin) when she migrated from Austria to England ...

Reich Citizenship Law, September 15, 1935
A subject of the State is a person who enjoys the protection of the German Reich and who in consequence has specific obligations towards it. The status of subject of the ...

Facts about Germany: 1871: Founding of the German Reich
The website Facts about Germany invites you to get to know Germany. It offers profound basic knowledge and guidance – especially designed for readers abroad whose interest in the ...

AIM25: Royal Holloway, University of London: REICH, Dorothy (1921-2001 ...
Robertson who had also been a Professor of German at Bedford College. Reich's papers therefore include a great deal of material relating to the 3rd and 4th editions of the book ...

Review of Twisted Cross: The German Christian Movementin the Third ...
The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996. Cloth $39.95 ISBN 0-8078-2253-1;

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